Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Translated by Cedric Belfrage (Monthly Review Press, New York and London, 1973).
Index
- Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 192
- Africa, 26, 39, 107, 110. See alsoSlave trade
- Agrarian reform:
- Artegas, Jose, 129-34;
- Guatemala, 127-9;
- Paraguay, 214;
- Zapata, Emiliano, 134-40
- Agricultural products, 71-148.See also specific names
- Aguilar, Alonso, 140, 234
- Alaman, Lucas, 48, 197-200
- Allende, Salvador, 145, 159, 160
- Alliance for Progress, 11, 15, 17,141,168,249,250,252
- Altiplano, 58, 61
- Aluminum, 149, 152, 160. Seealso Bauxite Aluminum Co. of America
- (Alcoa), 152
- Alvarado, Pedro de, 26, 28, 29
- Amado, Jorge, 106
- Amazonia. See Brazil American Coffee Corp., 110
- American Cordage Trust, 136
- American Smelting and Refining, 162
- Anaconda (Wire and Cable), 159, 160, 161, 162
- Anderson, Clayton and Co., 109, 110, 140
- Angola, 66
- Animal products, 11, 78, 80, 82, 191,192, 194, 195, 201
- Antilles, 25, 39, 49, 74, 99
- Arabs, 22, 28, 36
- Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo, 127, 128
- Arevalo, Juan Jose, 127
- Argentina, 14, 43, 54, 59, 60, 73, 143-4, 207, 210, 226, 228, 246;
- civil wars, 200-06;
- foreign capital, 238-9;
- petroleum, 151, 178;
- textiles, 194-5;
- wheat, 108
- Artegas, Jose, 129, 131-4, 138, 202, 204-5, 235, 281
- Atahualpa, 25, 28, 30, 57
- Atlantic Oil Co., 177
- Aztecs, 29, 30, 54, 55
- Bagu, Sergio, 55, 92
- Bahamas, 21
- Balaguer, Joaquin, 90
- Ball, George W., 15
- Balmaceda, Jose Manuel, 157-8
- Bananas, 107, 114, 120-4
- Banking, international, 244-8, 249, 254-6. See also Loans
- Barbados, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 95
- Barbosa, Gen. Horta, 177
- Bairoch, Paul, 142
- Batista, Julgencio, 83, 88, 90, 151
- Bauxite, 149, 151, 152. See also Aluminum
- Beet sugar, 83
- Belgium, 16
- Bethlehem Steel Co., 69, 150, 169, 172
- Birth control. See Family planning
- Blacks, 39, 40, 41, 42, 49;
- Brazil, 64;
- cotton plantations, 108;
- religion in Brazil, 99;
- slave trade, 66, 68, 74, 91-5;
- sugar plantations, 71, 73, 78, 79
- Bolivar, Simon, 130, 273, 281
- Bolivia, 17, 33, 43, 54, 57, 101, 207, 251;
- agrarian reform, 145;
- minerals, 151;
- nitrates, 155-6;
- petroleum, 179-81;
- textiles, 194
- Bonaparte, Napoleon, 78, 191
- Bonaparte, Pauline, 79
- Bosch, Juan, 91
- Brazil, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 24, 49, 54, 191, 207, 210, 226, 228, 235, 246;
- African cults, 99;
- agrarian reform, 143;
- cacao, 105-7;
- coffee, 110, 192, 261;
- cotton, 107-10;
- first Portuguese community, 26;
- food costs, 76;
- foreign capital, 236-8;
- fruit plantations, 73;
- gold, 61, 62, 68, 145, 152, 221;
- Indians, 60, 61;
- iron, 169-72;
- petroleum, 177-8;
- relations with England, 196;
- rubber, 73, 100-03;
- slavery, 99;
- sugar, 72, 73, 74, 78;
- textiles, 194;
- U.S. control of minerals, 150-4, 169
- Britain. See England
- British Petroleum (Anglo-Iranian), 174
- Cacao (chocolate), 42, 73, 92, 93, 104-7, 182
- Calderon, Francisco Garcia, 103
- Calvinism, 35
- Campos, Roberto, 240, 246, 249
- Canada, 108
- Canary Islands, 71
- Canning, George, 191
- Capoche, Luis, 51, 52
- Caracas (Venezuela), 73, 105
- Carca Indians, 59
- Cardenas, Lazaro, 139, 140, 175-6, 230, 231
- Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 233
- Carpentier, Alejo, 79
- Carranza, Venustiano, 137, 139
- Castillo Armas, Col. Rodolfo, 127, 128
- Castro, Fidel, 84, 87, 89, 255
- Catholicism. See Roman Catholicism
- Cattle, 78, 105
- Ceylon, 102
- Central America:
- fruit plantations, 73, 114;
- effects of world market on, 119-24. See also specific countries
- Cepeda Samudio, Alvaro, 123
- Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 37
- Charles II, 50, 93
- Charles III, 58
- Charles V, 34, 35, 36, 37, 92, 96
- Charrvas Indians, 59-60
- Chile, 13, 17, 43, 54, 196, 231;
- agrarian reform, 145;
- copper, 151, 156, 159-62, 192;
- nitrates, 155-8;
- relations with England, 197;
- textiles, 194
- China, 33
- Chocolate. See Cacao
- Chrome, 149, 152
- CIA (U.S. Central Intelligence Agency), 151-2
- Cigars, 194, 195
- Coca (cocaine), 58-9, 166, 167
- Cochin, Auguste, 91
- Cochineal, 119
- Coffee, 73, 77, 92, 93, 101;
- Brazil, 110, 192, 261;
- Ecuador, 107;
- Germany, 119;
- prices, 113-6;
- Venezuela, 105, 182
- Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 34, 92
- Colombia, 54, 60, 114, 231;
- bananas and fruit, 112-3;
- civil war, 116-8;
- coffee, 110, 112, 114, 115-6, 118;
- education, 119;
- fruit plantations, 73;
- light industry, 116;
- petroleum, 176, 263
- Columbus, Christopher, 21, 22, 23,24,25, 27, 59, 71
- Columbus, Diego, 96
- Common Market, 262
- Copper, 11, 149;
- Chile, 151, 156, 159-62, 192
- Cortes, Hernan, 18, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,29,53, 54,136
- Costa Rica, 110;
- bananas, 120, 122
- Cotton, 73, 78, 92, 93, 107-10, 122, 124
- Creole Oil Co., 185
- Crowder, Gen. Enoch, 82
- Cruz, Artemio, 134, 140
- Cuba, 12, 26, 66;
- African cults, 99;
- changes in economy, 87-9;
- coffee, 79;
- education, 86;
- electrical plants, 88;
- fertilizer factories, 88;
- imports, 88;
- minerals, 85;
- nickel, 151;
- petroleum, 175;
- revolution, 85, 89, 175, 245, 255;
- slave revolts, 97-8;
- sugar, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79-91, 192
- Cuzco (Peru), 30, 31, 56, 58, 59
- Davis, Arthur, 152
- Diamonds, 66, 108, 145, 152;
- Minas Gerais, 66-7, 68;
- smuggling, 154
- Diaz, Porfirio, 135, 136, 137
- Disease, 28, 48, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 70, 75, 100, 103, 112, 141, 168
- Dominican Republic, 71, 73, 77, 90, 96;
- U.S. Marines, 90, 122
- Dos Passos, John, 123
- Dow Chemical, 235
- Dulles, Allen, 86, 127-8
- Dulles, John Foster, 128
- Dumont, Rene, 25, 60, 76
- Dutch. See Holland
- Economic Mission for Latin America (ECLA). See United Nations
- Ecuador, 17, 54, 114;
- agrarian reform, 143;
- bananas, 73, 124;
- cacao, 107
- Education:
- Cuba, 86;
- higher, 267-8
- Eisenhower, Pies. Dwight D., 16, 127, 175
- Eisenhower, Milton, 232
- El Salvador, 16, 110, 112, 121, 125
- Electric Bond and Share, 226
- Elizabeth I, 37, 93
- England, 16;
- Brazilian gold, 67-70;
- cacao, 107;
- coffee, 119;
- commerce with Latin America, 191-3;
- cotton, 108;
- exports, 37, 193;
- industry, 72, 191-6;
- loans to Latin America, 216-9;
- Methuen Treaty, 67;
- nitrates, 154-9;
- population, 38;
- protectionism, 219-24;
- slave trade, 92-5;
- sugar, 79-80;
- textiles, 193;
- tin, 164-5
- Export-Import Bank (Eximbank), 248, 250
- Family planning, 16, 153
- Ferdinand (King of Aragon), 22,36
- Ferreira Machado, Simao, 64
- Fertilizer factories, 88
- Fishery production, 87-8
- Flores, Edmundo, 139
- Ford Foundation, 15, 16
- Fortune, 276
- Fraginals, Manuel Moreno, 79
- France, 14, 39, 72, 107, 151
- Francia, Gaspar Rodriguez de,207
- Francisco Sugar Co., 86
- Franco, Francisco, 36
- Free trade and protectionism,197-200, 219-24
- Frei, Eduardo, 145
- Fuentes, Carlos, 140
- Fuentes, Miguel Ydigoras, 90
- Furtado, Celso, 40, 68
- Gold, 11, 21, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 39, 40, 49, 71, 108, 160;
- Brazilian, 61, 62, 68, 145, 152;
- Mexican exports, 47;
- Minas Gerais, 63-9;
- Nicaraguan, 59;
- ransom, 30
- Gomez, Juan Vicente, 184-5
- Good Neighbor Policy, 124, 125
- Goodyear, Charles, 101
- Goulart, Joao, 232-3
- Guadeloupe, 71, 77
- Guanajuato (Mexico), 47-9, 71
- Guano, 154-6, 191. See also Nitrates
- Guarani Indians, 209
- Guatemala, 17, 29, 90, 125, 226, 252;
- bananas, 120, 122;
- coffee, 110, 112;
- cotton, 109;
- Indians, 61;
- violence, 127-9
- Guevara, Che, 83, 91, 139, 151
- Guinea, 96
- Gulf Oil Co., 174,180,183,185
- Guyana (British Guiana), 151-2
- Gypsum, 152
- Haiti, 12, 16, 23, 25, 71, 72, 77, 122;
- coffee, 110, 112;
- revolution, 78;
- slave settlement, 96;
- voodoo, 99
- Hanna Mining Co., 69, 150, 170-2
- Harvey, Robert, 156, 158
- Hearst, William Randolph, 136
- Hematite, 152
- Henequen, 73, 135,136
- Henry VIII, 37
- Hernandez Martinez, Maximiliano,124, 216
- Hildalgo, Miguel, 57, 131, 135
- Hides, 191, 192, 201
- Holland, 68, 97;
- cacao, 107;
- Guiana, 96;
- industry, 72;
- slaverevolts, 96-7;
- slave trade, 68,74, 93
- Holy Inquisition, 22, 35
- Honduras, 120, 121, 122, 124
- Huayna Capaj, 31, 32
- Huerta, Gen. Victoriano, 137-8
- Humboldt, Alexander von, 18, 42,47, 56, 193, 198
- Incas, 25, 26, 27, 31, 54, 55-6
- India, 39, 76, 109
- Indians, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 49-54, 112, 119, 120, 125;
- alti-plano, 58, 61;
- Aztec, 29, 30, 54, 55;
- Brazilian forest, 60, 61;
- Carca, 59;
- Charruas, 59-60;
- Guarani, 209;
- Guatemala, 61;
- Inca, 25, 26, 31, 54, 55-6;
- massacre, 50, 59-60, 207;
- Mayans, 27, 28, 54, 60, 62, 136;
- Peru, 130;
- Venezuela, 61;
- Veracruz, 29;
- Yaqui, 59, 60, 73, 136
- Indigo, 105, 116,119
- Indonesia, 39
- Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Development, 109
- Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 168, 176,248,250
- International Coffee Agreement, 114
- International Monetary Fund, 18, 226, 229, 240-4
- Internationa] Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), 226
- Iron, 11, 69, 149, 150, 169-72
- Isabella (Queen of Castile), 22, 26,36
- Jagan, Cheddi, 151
- Jamaica, 24, 71, 78, 95
- James, William, 122
- Japan, 16, 21
- Jesuit missions, 209
- Jewels. See Gems Jews, 22, 28, 36, 53
- Johnson, Pres. Lyndon, 16, 90, 151, 171, 213, 249, 252
- Kennecott Wire and Cable Co.,159, 161
- Kennedy, Pres. John F., 247
- Labor force, 269-72
- Lane, Arthur Bliss, 125
- Latin American Free Trade Area(LAFTA), 273-80
- Lead, 151
- Leclerc, General, 78-9
- Leeward Islands, 77, 78
- Lisboa, Antonio Francisco (Aleijadinho), 69-70
- Loans, 248-9, 253, 255-7. Seealso Banking
- Lopez, Carlos Antonio, 208, 210,211
- Louis XIV, 92
- Magellan, Ferdinand, 24, 26
- Magnetite, 152
- Malaria, 62, 100
- Malaya, 102
- Manganese, 149, 151, 169
- Mariategui, Jose Carlos, 109, 155, 156
- Marti, Jose, 82, 83
- Marx, Karl, 38, 77, 198
- Mayans, 27, 28, 54, 60, 62, 136
- Mendez Montenegro, Julio Cesar, 126
- Meat industry, 11, 78, 80, 82
- Mercury, 43, 50, 52, 152
- Mexico, 14, 23, 26, 47-9, 54, 57, 59, 131, 226, 228, 246;
- cotton, 107, 109, 110;
- foreign capital, 239-40;
- petroleum, 175-6;
- reform, 134;
- sulphur, 151;
- textiles, 193
- Middle East, 173
- Minas Gerais (Brazil), 63, 64, 68, 73, 150, 170, 171
- Minerals. See specific names
- Molybdenum, 161
- Montezuma, 25, 27, 29
- Montoneros, 200-06
- Morelos, Jose Maria, 57,131
- National City Bank, 122
- National Sugar Refining Co., 90
- Natural gas, 172
- New York Times, The, 163
- Nicaragua, 59, 109, 121, 124
- Nickel, 87,149,151
- Nieto Arteta, Luis Eduardo, 116,118
- Niobium, 154
- Nitrates, 13, 154-9, 191. See alsoGuano
- Nixon, Pres. Richard M., 13, 15,249, 250
- North, John Thomas, 156, 157,158
- Oil. See Petroleum
- Organization of American States(OAS), 13, 90-1, 127, 128,226, 249, 250, 251
- Ouro Preto (Brazil), 62, 64-5,67,71
- Pan-American Coffee Bureau, 112
- Panama, 121, 122, 124
- Paraguay, 16, 17, 54, 73, 133;
- cotton, 108;
- move for independence, 206-16;
- petroleum, 179
- Patifio, Antenor, 163, 164
- Patifio, Simon Ituri, 163
- Pearls, 21-2, 24
- Pemex (Petroleos Mexicanos), 176
- Pepper, 22, 24
- Peron, Juan Domingo, 144, 179, 230-1
- Perpina y Pibernat, Juan, 98
- Peru, 16, 31, 42, 43, 54, 57;
- cotton, 109;
- guano, 154-5;
- Indians, 130;
- minerals, 151;
- nitrates, 154-9, 191;
- petroleum, 151;
- sugar, 71, 73;
- textiles, 193-4
- Petrobras, 177-8
- Petroleum, 11, 13, 110, 172-87;
- Argentina, 151, 178;
- Bolivia, 179-81;
- Brazil, 177-8;
- Colombia, 176, 263;
- Cuba, 175;
- Mexico, 176-8;
- Middle East, 173;
- Paraguay, 179;
- Peru, 151;
- United States, 173-86, 235-6, 263;
- Uruguay, 176-7;
- Venezuela, 105, 151, 173, 178, 182-7
- Philip II, 35, 37, 38, 49
- Philip III, 50
- Philip IV, 38, 50
- Philippines, 33, 84
- Pizarro, Francisco, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 46, 57
- Plan de Ayala, 137, 138
- Polo, Marco, 21-2
- Portugal, 26, 39, 49, 68, 73, 97, 131, 147;
- Methuen Treaty, 67;
- slave trade, 91-2
- Potosi (Bolivia), 25, 30-3, 58, 65, 68, 71, 155, 183;
- coca, 59;
- development, 30-3;
- Indians, 50-1;
- ruin of, 42-9
- Protectionism and free trade, 197-200, 219-24
- Protestantism, 35, 36
- Puerto Rico, 71, 77, 84
- Pyrochlor, 154
- Quinine, 116
- Railroads, 216-9
- Raleigh, Sir Walter, 25
- Reader's Digest, 119,126
- Restrepo, Lleras, 113
- Ribeiro, Darcy, 28, 55, 146
- Rockefeller: Foundation, 16;
- oilinterests, 175, 235
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 175, 250
- Rockefeller, Peggy, 253-4
- Roman Catholicism, 22, 36, 41, 49;
- in Brazil, 65, 99;
- expansion in Spain, 67;
- fees, 80;
- land ownership, 42;
- and Mayan religion, 62;
- Potosi, 45-6
- Roosevelt, Pres. Theodore, 121
- Rosas, Juan Manuel de, 203-5,208, 210
- Royal Dutch/Shell, 173, 175
- Rubber, 13, 61, 73, 99, 100-4, 105
- Salt, 22, 40
- Saltpeter, 155
- San Salvador, 23,109
- Sandino, Augusto Cesar, 124-5
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), 71, 73, 77, 90, 96
- Shell Oil Co., 173-4, 175-6, 177, 183, 185
- Shipping, 282-3
- Silver:
- Amazonian, 152;
- Andean altiplano, 25;
- Bolivian, 25, 30-3, 42-6, 50-1, 56, 151, 155, 160;
- German, 47;
- Mexican, 25, 33, 47-8;
- ransom, 30
- Slave trade, 39;
- Angola-Brazil, 66;
- Dutch, 68, 74, 93;
- English, 68, 92-5, 192;
- French, 39;
- Guinea-Brazil, 66;
- sugar plantation, 91;
- United States, 222
- Slaves, 40, 42, 45, 49, 60, 64, 65, 66;
- Central America, 121;
- coffee plantations, 111;
- cotton plantations, 108;
- revolts, 96;
- sugar plantations, 71, 73, 78, 79, 91
- Solano Lopez, Francisco, 208, 211, 212, 213, 214
- Somoza, Anastasio, 124, 125
- Spain, 22, 25, 39, 131, 147;
- education, 37;
- foreign trade, 37-8;
- industry, 37;
- population, 38
- Spices, 22, 24
- Standard Oil of California, 174, 179
- Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon), 151, 173-4, 175-6, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185
- Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), 174
- Stroessner, Gen. Alfredo, 213, 214, 215
- Sugar, 13, 40, 124;
- Brazil, 62, 64, 66, 67-8, 145;
- Caribbean, 77-9;
- Cuba, 79-91, 192;
- development, 71-3;
- islands, 77;
- monoculture, 73-7;
- slave trade, 91-5;
- Venezuela, 105
- Sulphur, 151
- Taft, Pres. William H., 121
- Tantalite, 152, 154
- Taxes, 11, 173, 181, 185, 192, 261
- Tenochtitlan, 29, 30, 55
- Texaco Oil Co., 174,177, 183
- Textiles, 191-4, 220, 258
- Thorium, 152,154
- Timber, 61, 62, 81
|