For Further Reading

This book gives, at best, a glimpse into the nature of logic. In its brevity it excludes much important material. If your curiosity about logic has been aroused, further reading will be helpful in two ways. First, you may want lengthier and more detailed discussions of topics we have treated only briefly. Second, you may want to expand your view of the field by learning something about subjects we have had to omit entirely. There are many excellent books on logic that will serve either or both of these purposes. The following are easily available and are among the best.

GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS TO LOGIC

Beardsley, Monroe C.

Thinking Straight, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.

Brody, Baruch

Logic: Theoretical and Applied. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.

Cohen, Morris R., and Ernest Nagel

An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1934.

Copi, Irving M.

Introduction to Logic, 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, Inc., 1982.

Eaton, Ralph M.

General Logic. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1931.

Fogelin, Robert J.

Understanding Arguments. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1978.

Kahane, Howard

Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 3rd ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., Inc., iy8U.

Michalos, Alex C.

Principles of Logic. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1969.

INTRODUCTIONS TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC

If you would like to learn more about deductive logic as a modern formal science, the following books will be helpful. They presuppose no previous acquaintance with logic, but they go far beyond our brief survey of symbolic techniques.

Hunter, Geoffrey

Metalogic. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.

Kalish, Donald, and Richard Montague

Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1980.

Massey, Gerald J.

Understanding Symbolic Logic. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, Inc., 1970.

Mates, Benson

Elementary Logic, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Mendelson, Elliott

Introduction to Mathematical Logic. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1964.

INDUCTIVE LOGIC

Unlike deductive logic, inductive logic is not a well-developed discipline with standard systems one can learn. The following books will help you to see the present state of understanding of the problems in the field.

Giere, Ronald N.

Understanding Scientific Reasoning. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1979.

Hempel, Carl G.

Philosophy of Natural Science, Chaps. 1-4. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. [The Foundations of Philosophy Series], 1966.

Salmon, Wesley C.

The Foundations of Scientific Inference. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967.

Skyrms, Brian

Choice and Chance, 2nd ed. Belmont, Calif.: Dickenson Publishing Co., Inc., 1975.

LOGIC AND LANGUAGE

Although all the books previously listed as general introductions to logic contain discussions of material contained in our Chapter 4, the following books are excellent supplementary sources.

Alston, William P.

Philosophy of Language. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc [Foundations of Philosophy Series], 1964.

Hospers, John

An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967.

PHILOSOPHY OF LOGIC

If you would like to penetrate more deeply into the philosophical problems at the basis of deductive logic, the following book by Quine is unsurpassed. The book edited by Copi and Gould is an anthology of classic readings in the philosophy of deductive and inductive logic.

Copi, Irving M., and James A. Gould, eds.

Readings on Logic, 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, Inc., 1972.

Quine, Willard van Orman

Philosophy of Logic. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. [Foundations of Philosophy Series], 1970.